Educational System and Types of Schools in Germany
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OBLIGATION SCHOOLING
All children living in Germany must go to school. The obligation of schooling begins, as a general rule, in the autumn of the year in which the child reaches six years of age. It extends until the end of the school year in which the young person turns 18. The obligation of schooling is regulated differently in each federated state. There is also the possibility of schooling during a school year. Public schools are free. There are also private schools in Germany. The latter require parents, generally, to pay a tuition fee. The minimum age at which a child can or should go to school varies according to the federated state, be informed in the education offices of your municipality or your city and in assistance services for immigrants on the regulations in force in your federated state . TYPES OF SCHOOLS In Germany the federated states assume the competences in terms of school education. Each federated state has particularities, especially regarding the denomination of the types of secondary schools, which may be different in some of them. However, the formative path of children and young people is similar in all federal states. On the website www.wir-sind-bund.de, section Eltern, you will find introductory information in various languages about the education system, the types of schools and the school titles. ELEMENTARY ELEMENTARY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL First of all, all the children attend primary school (Grundschule) for four years. Here the place of residence is taken into account, it is deir, as a rule, children go to the primary school near their home, in some federal states parents can choose the primary school for their children In the last year of elementary school it is decided which secondary school the children will go to later. In this regard, the teachers of the primary school issue a recommendation, which must be linked to the parents receiving guidance. In most federal states, parents can decide which high school their children will go to after finishing primary school. For the recommendation, the grades of the primary school and the assessment of the individual conditions of the children by the teachers are taken into account. SECONDARY SCHOOLS (FIRST AND SECOND LEVEL OF SECONDARY EDUCATION) In some federated states the child may attend a test class in the secondary school. You will find a summary of the specific regulations on the website of the confederation of educational ministries www.kmk.org The school system is very diverse in the first and second level of secondary education. Parents should reflect carefully together with the student and teachers on the school the child will attend. The educational authorities offer information in this regard. There are the following types of high schools. Basic general secondary education institute (Hauptschule, up to 9 or 10th grade) middle general secondary education institute (realschule, up to 10th grade) teaching institute with several training itineraries, to which it is possible to obtain the general education school titles of the first and middle levels. Institute of general secondary education or gymnasium up to 12 or 13 degree institute of polyvalent secondary education, gesamtschule, with or without upper secondary education courses, there it is possible to obtain all school titles In several federated states there are types of secondary school in which the training itineraries of the Hauptschule and the Realschule are grouped from the organizational point of view, in these schools it is possible to obtain both the general education school title of the first level and the middle level . In the State of Baden Wurttemberg is the Werkrealschule. The obligation of schooling also applies to children with disabilities with special educational needs. The school decides on a possible special educational need after following a pertinent procedure. This must be requested by the parents or the school. Depending on the result, the child can then continue to attend a general education school or be referred to a special school, in some states are also called special schools, special education centers or schools for the disabled. Once obtained the general education school title of the first level or the average level. Young people can attend or a second level school of secondary education until obtaining the general access school title or Abitur, baccalaureate degree, or specialized Fachabitur, technical baccalaureate, university studies or higher education centers, or start a professional training by visiting a school of professional training. With the middle school general education degree, you can choose between more professional fields than with a hauptschule school degree. The training in the Gymansium or in the upper secondary education courses ends after the 12th or 13th year with the school title of general access to university education, after which the right to attend universities and education centers is obtained. higher. The fachabitur enables to study in universities of applied sciences in higher education centers. In some federal states, after the middle school general education degree, it is also possible to obtain the general access to higher education school title in a vocational school. In principle, during the school stage it is allowed to change between one type of school and another, if the required school performance has been obtained. Special educational support programsFor children and young people who have grown up with a mother tongue other than German, various forms of support for language learning are offered in kindergartens and schools. Both in Germany and also, in part, in the mother tongue. In all the federated states tests of language in the kindergarten are carried out or before the schooling, to determine the individual needs of support of the children. From there, and depending on each federal state, different forms of aid are derived.
Children and young people who come to Germany during their school years need special assistance. For them, support or language learning classes are offered, in which they are assisted by specially qualified teachers, before switching to regular classes. School authorities can inform you about the possibilities for your child. To ensure educational success it is important that infants speak the German language well, therefore it is to take advantage of the possibilities offered by the language learning support programs. If you want to help your child it is important to be well informed about the German educational system and about the possibilities offered in your city. It is important to keep informed about the daily school activities and the educational progress of your child, for this the schools offer meetings with parents or private meetings between parents or teachers. You can get more information online: www.kmk.org www.bildungserver.de www.bmbf.de www.bundeselternrat.de www.wir-sind-bund.de |
TEMARY:
LIVING IN GERMANY ENTER IN GERMANY Demands on immigration matters. Application process About the regulation of conyge LEARN GERMAN Integration Course German course Orientation Course Integration Certificate German for professional purposes INFORMATION AND ORIENTATION Advice for adults Advice for immigrant youth Special programs and individualized advice Attention to the citizen, federal immigration office Internet as a source of information RESIDENCE AND NATURALIZATION Office for people belonging to the European Union Office for people not coming from the European Union Repatriated Germans Right of residence Types of residence Naturalization WORK AND PROFESSION Homologation of titles Professional orientation, employment placement Job application Continuing professional training Creation of a company and work on its own. Housing LIVING PLACE Housing search Housing Office Moving process State aid social housing Rentals and lease law CHILDREN AND FAMILY Pregnancy and protection of motherhood Parental permission Parental benefit Subsidy for childcare Family benefit for dependent child Options for child care Dispute and crisis family violence SCHOOL, PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION AND UNIVERSITY STUDIES Education system Types of School Special educational support program Vocational training Requirements to access university studies Adult education HEALTH AND PRECAUTION Care in case of illness or accident Care in your mother tongue Medical secret Preventive medical exams and vaccines Health prevention and childhood vaccination Sexually transmitted diseases assistance Assistance in case of addictions and drug use Assistance for disabled people INSURANCE AND BANKS Financial transactions credits Mandatory social security Pension insurance Health insurance Dependency insurance Accident insurance Unemployment insurance Insurance for people and goods |
Vocational training
A good training is the most important condition to start working life successfully. To find a job in Germany it is important to have completed a professional training or a university career.
In general, vocational training lasts between two and three years and in most cases it is carried out through the dual system. That is to say, the practical training in the company is combined with the phases of theoretical learning in the school. Some professional training in the care profession, for example, is offered only in schools. In order to have access to vocational training, as a general rule, the general secondary school education title is required as a minimum.
CHOICE OF THE PROFESSION
In Germany there are around 400 professional training. The professional guidance services of the Employment Agency advise young people in the choice of the profession, for this purpose they can address the employees of the BIZ professional information centers of the employment agency.
Knowledge of foreign languages is very important in many professions, be informed with your children about those professional fields in which their language of origin is an advantage.
The Federal Administration seeks applicants of all nationalities for more than 130 different professional training courses. On the website www.wir-sind-bund.de you can find out about the professions that are offered and the way in which your child can apply. Information for parents is available in several languages.
Before starting vocational training, the apprentice must sign a vocational training contract with the training center. There the plan and the objectives of the training are established. Young people who need financial help during training can apply for vocational training before the employment agency.
For more information online:
www.arbeitsagentur.de
www.planet-beruf.de
www.berufenet.arbeitsagentur.de
In general, vocational training lasts between two and three years and in most cases it is carried out through the dual system. That is to say, the practical training in the company is combined with the phases of theoretical learning in the school. Some professional training in the care profession, for example, is offered only in schools. In order to have access to vocational training, as a general rule, the general secondary school education title is required as a minimum.
CHOICE OF THE PROFESSION
In Germany there are around 400 professional training. The professional guidance services of the Employment Agency advise young people in the choice of the profession, for this purpose they can address the employees of the BIZ professional information centers of the employment agency.
Knowledge of foreign languages is very important in many professions, be informed with your children about those professional fields in which their language of origin is an advantage.
The Federal Administration seeks applicants of all nationalities for more than 130 different professional training courses. On the website www.wir-sind-bund.de you can find out about the professions that are offered and the way in which your child can apply. Information for parents is available in several languages.
Before starting vocational training, the apprentice must sign a vocational training contract with the training center. There the plan and the objectives of the training are established. Young people who need financial help during training can apply for vocational training before the employment agency.
For more information online:
www.arbeitsagentur.de
www.planet-beruf.de
www.berufenet.arbeitsagentur.de
Study in Germany
In Germany there are different types of higher education centers.
colleges
technical universities
high schools of music and art
high schools of pedagogy
universities of applied sciences
Higher schools of the Administration
REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCESSING UNIVERSITY STUDIES
To study a university degree you need the university degree of access to university studies corresponding to the type of university institution chosen. When it comes to foreign school titles, the academic authorities of international affairs of the higher education centers or the uni assist assistance office, decide if the admission requirements for higher education are met. The higher education institutions themselves are entitled to decide to what extent academic credits obtained in another country can be validated in a university career in Germany.
The Otto Beneck Stiftung Foundation's support fund for higher education offers special help for immigrant youth who, in Germany, are refugees, Jewish immigrants, repatriated immigrants of German origin, or their parents are refugees. here the university degree of access to university studies and they want to prepare for a university career. You will find information and directions on this subject at www.jmd-portal.de Bildungsberatung section
ACADEMIC RATES
In principle, German students do not charge general academic fees for an undergraduate study at a public higher education center. However, all students must pay the so-called semi-annual fees. Certain master's programs may be subject to academic fees. The private higher education centers demand the payment of noticeably higher academic fees, in almost all cases. The federal talent development program and several foundations offer scholarships to fully or partially finance university studies in Germany.
Under certain conditions, the studios have the right to obtain state aid for the BafoG training, part of this aid must be reimbursed at the end of the professional training.
In addition to the classical university courses, offered exclusively in universities and universities of applied sciences, for some years more and more dual university studies have been offered, which have a greater practical orientation. There is a contractual relationship between the students and the companies, which includes, as a general rule, a payment of different amounts
The Federal administration also offers dual university studies. You can find the details of the races on the website www.wir-sind-bund.de
You can get more information online:
www.arbeitsagentur.de Agencia general de empleo
www.abi.de Agencia general de empleo
www.daad.de Servicio de intercambio académico
www.wir-sind-bund.de asistencia para jóvenes inmigrantes
www.obs-ev.de
www.uni-assist.de
www.anabin.de homologacion de títulos
www.bafog.de ministerio de educación
www.stipendienlotse.de becas
www.wir-sind-bund.de Administración federal
colleges
technical universities
high schools of music and art
high schools of pedagogy
universities of applied sciences
Higher schools of the Administration
REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCESSING UNIVERSITY STUDIES
To study a university degree you need the university degree of access to university studies corresponding to the type of university institution chosen. When it comes to foreign school titles, the academic authorities of international affairs of the higher education centers or the uni assist assistance office, decide if the admission requirements for higher education are met. The higher education institutions themselves are entitled to decide to what extent academic credits obtained in another country can be validated in a university career in Germany.
The Otto Beneck Stiftung Foundation's support fund for higher education offers special help for immigrant youth who, in Germany, are refugees, Jewish immigrants, repatriated immigrants of German origin, or their parents are refugees. here the university degree of access to university studies and they want to prepare for a university career. You will find information and directions on this subject at www.jmd-portal.de Bildungsberatung section
ACADEMIC RATES
In principle, German students do not charge general academic fees for an undergraduate study at a public higher education center. However, all students must pay the so-called semi-annual fees. Certain master's programs may be subject to academic fees. The private higher education centers demand the payment of noticeably higher academic fees, in almost all cases. The federal talent development program and several foundations offer scholarships to fully or partially finance university studies in Germany.
Under certain conditions, the studios have the right to obtain state aid for the BafoG training, part of this aid must be reimbursed at the end of the professional training.
In addition to the classical university courses, offered exclusively in universities and universities of applied sciences, for some years more and more dual university studies have been offered, which have a greater practical orientation. There is a contractual relationship between the students and the companies, which includes, as a general rule, a payment of different amounts
The Federal administration also offers dual university studies. You can find the details of the races on the website www.wir-sind-bund.de
You can get more information online:
www.arbeitsagentur.de Agencia general de empleo
www.abi.de Agencia general de empleo
www.daad.de Servicio de intercambio académico
www.wir-sind-bund.de asistencia para jóvenes inmigrantes
www.obs-ev.de
www.uni-assist.de
www.anabin.de homologacion de títulos
www.bafog.de ministerio de educación
www.stipendienlotse.de becas
www.wir-sind-bund.de Administración federal
Education for adults
In Germany there are numerous possibilities to continue with the training after finishing school or university. You can obtain qualifications or general school titles in the framework of adult education. Day or night courses are offered and classes can also be taken from home, for example courses or distance university.
The Federal Employment Agency is an important partner when it comes to your continuing professional training. In the telephone directory and in the yellow pages you can also find institutions that offer initial or continuous professional training. Adult training centers offer courses in almost all of Germany.
They are offered for example:
continuing education programs
language courses
services for obtaining places to practice
Special integration courses for young adults
You can get more information online
www.arbeitsagentur.de
www.kursnet-finden.arbeitsagentur.de
www.vhs.de
www.bildungserver.de
The Federal Employment Agency is an important partner when it comes to your continuing professional training. In the telephone directory and in the yellow pages you can also find institutions that offer initial or continuous professional training. Adult training centers offer courses in almost all of Germany.
They are offered for example:
continuing education programs
language courses
services for obtaining places to practice
Special integration courses for young adults
You can get more information online
www.arbeitsagentur.de
www.kursnet-finden.arbeitsagentur.de
www.vhs.de
www.bildungserver.de
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